Physics - DocsBay

The Casimir-Effect: No Manifestation of Zero-Point Energy

The attractive force between metallic surfaces, predicted by Casimir in 1948, seems to indicate the physical existence and measurability of the quantized electromagnetic field’s zero-point energy. It is shown in this article, that the measurements of that force do not confirm Casimir’s model, but in fact disprove it’s foundational assumption that metal p ...

Shape of Spectral Lines

If we take the classical picture of the atom as the definitive view of the formation of spectral lines, we would conclude that these lines should be delta functions of frequency and appear as infinitely sharp black lines on the stellar spectra. However, many processes tend to broaden these lines so that the lines develop a characteristic shape or profile ...

Wave Polarization

The polarization of a wave becomes very important when we consider radio communication systems, and radio wave propagation. The performance of communication systems can be strongly affected by the polarization of a wave, if it is not “matched” to the intended polarization. Along similar lines, propagation of a wave introduces potential changes to its pol ...

The Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation

Field is a physics term for a region that is under the influence of some force that can act on matter within that region. For example, the Sun produces a gravitational field that attracts the planets in the solar system and thus influences their orbits. Stationary electric charges produce electric fields, whereas moving electric charges produce both elec ...

The Photon and Its Structure

The concept of the structure of the photon is discussed and the progress in the measurement of various structure functions of the photon as well of parton distributions in the photon is shortly reviewed.

Molecular Physics

There are a number a textbooks to be recommended for those who wish to study molecular spectroscopy; the best ones are: 1)The series of books by Gerhard Herzberg Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure I. Spectra of Diatomic Molecules II. Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Polyatomic Molecules III. Electronic Spectra of Polyatomic Molecules 2)Peter F. ...

Vacuum Energy

A comprehensive review of Vacuum Energy, which is an extended version of a poster presented at L¨uderitz (2000). This is not a review of the cosmological constant per se, but rather vacuum energy in general, my approach to the cosmological constant is not standard. Lots of very small changes and several additions for the second and third versions: constr ...

Seesaw Mechanism and Its Implications

The seesaw mechanism is introduced and some of its different realizations and applications are discussed. It is pointed out how they can be used to understand the bi-large mixing patterns among neutrinos in combination with the assumptions about high scale physics such as grand unification or quasidegeneracy of neutrino masses.

The Formalism of Neutrino Oscillations: an Introduction

The recent wide recognition of the existence of neutrino oscillations concludes the pioneer stage of these studies and poses the problem of how to communicate effectively the basic aspects of this branch of science. In fact, the phenomenon of neutrino oscillations has peculiar features and requires to master some specific idea and some amount of formalis ...

The Origin of Gravity

I consider a pair of harmonic oscillators coupled by the Coulomb and the electrokinetic potential, which decreases as 1/r. Their dynamic coupling is allowed in the near field, that is, for frequencies roughly below ~ c/r for real or virtual exchanges within a larger coherence domain. Within a two-phase constraint, the correlated interacting modes have lo ...

Fundamental Forces

[The “strength” entries in this table reflect the relative magnitudes of the various forces as they act on a pair of protons in an atomic nucleus. Note that MIT professor Frank Wilczek shared the 2004 physics Nobel Prize with David Gross (now director of the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics at UC Santa Barbara) and H. David Politzer (now professor ...

Gauge Theory on a Lattice

One approach to field theory, in particular to aspects that are not well treated in perturbation theory, is to approximate the field defined on a spacetime continuum with a lattice field theory, defined on a lattice of space-time points. There has been a great deal of cross-fertilization from considering renormalization from the continuum high-energy phy ...

Introduction to Lattice Gauge Theories

We give an introduction to lattice gauge theories with an emphasis on QCD. Requirements are quantum mechanics and for a better understanding relativistic quantum mechanics and continuum quantum field theory. These are not lecturenotes written to be easily readable (a script), but my private notes. Still I am of course happy to receive corrections.

An Introduction to Lattice Field Theory

These notes provide a brief introduction to the lattice regularization of quantum field theory. Classical field theory is introduced as a generalization of point mechanics to systems with infinitely many degrees of freedom. Quantum mechanics is formulated with path integrals first in real and then in Euclidean time. Field theories in Euclidean space-time ...

Astroparticle Physics

Astroparticle Physics publishes experimental and theoretical research papers in the interacting fields of Cosmic Ray Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmology and Particle Physics focusing on new developments in the following areas: • High-energy cosmic-ray physics and astrophysics; • Particle cosmology; • Particle astrophysics; • Related astrophysi ...

Magnetite Forrnation by the Reduction of Hematite with Iron Under Hydrothermal Conditions

The formation of magnetite by the reduction of hematite with iron in the presence of aqueous solution at 350-570"C, 1-2 kbar pressure, takes place by two reactions: (l) the oxidation of iron metal with water, and (2) the reduction of hematite with hydrogen. The overall oxidation-reduction reaction is accelerated by increased temperature, pressure, and so ...

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